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自信才能學(xué)習好

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發(fā)表于 2010-3-4 09:42:25 | 只看該作者 回帖獎勵 |倒序瀏覽 |閱讀模式
關(guān)鍵詞: 學(xué)習 , 自信
Smart kids tend on balance to do well in school. That may seem obvious, but there are a lot of exceptions to that rule. Some kids with high IQs don't ever become academic superstars, while less gifted kids often shine. Why would this be?

聰明的孩子通常在學(xué)校的各方面表現良好。那些看起來(lái)似乎是顯而易見(jiàn)的,但對于這個(gè)規律有許多例外。一些智商高的的孩子從來(lái)沒(méi)成為過(guò)學(xué)習尖子生,然而不那么有天賦的孩子卻經(jīng)常出色。為什么出現這種情況呢?

Psychologists have focused on things like self-esteem and confidence--how good kids think they are--to explain these outcomes. And the assumption has always been that such psychological traits are shaped mostly by parenting--by parents' beliefs and expectations and modeling. But surprisingly this idea had never been scientifically tested.

心理學(xué)家曾經(jīng)著(zhù)重于研究自尊和自信,通過(guò)孩子覺(jué)得他們怎么樣的問(wèn)題來(lái)解釋這些結果。而且這個(gè)假設總是:這種心理上的性狀大多是由家庭教育,由家長(cháng)的信仰,期望和樹(shù)立的榜樣的影響而形成的。但令人吃驚的是這個(gè)想法從未被科學(xué)的證實(shí)過(guò)。

Until now. Behavioral geneticist Corina Greven of King's College London and her colleagues decided to do the first rigorous analysis of the heritability of confidence--and its relationship to IQ and performance.

直到現在,倫敦大學(xué)國王學(xué)院的行為遺傳學(xué)家Corina Greven和她的的同事們決定做第一個(gè)嚴格的遺傳信心的分析,以及它和智商,成績(jì)的關(guān)系。

To do so, they studied more than 3700 pairs of twins, both identical and fraternal twins, from age seven to ten. Comparing genetically identical twins to non-identical siblings allows scientists to sort out the relative contributions of genes and environment, and when they did this they came up with surprising but unmistakable findings.

為了做這些,他們研究了超過(guò)3700對雙胞胎,清一色的兄弟雙胞胎,年齡在7到10歲之間。通過(guò)比較基因完全相同的雙胞胎與不相同的兄弟姐妹,科學(xué)家理清了基因的作用和環(huán)境的關(guān)系,當他們做這些時(shí),他們想出了令人吃驚但無(wú)誤的研究結果。

Contrary of accepted wisdom, the researchers found (and report in the June issue of Psychological Science) that kids' confidence is heavily influenced by heredity--at least as much as IQ is. Indeed, as-yet-unidentified confidence genes appear to influence school performance independent of IQ genes, with shared environment having only a negligible influence.

同公認的智慧相反,研究者發(fā)現(并且發(fā)表在六月的心理科學(xué)雜志上)孩子的信心至少和智商一樣嚴重的被遺傳所影響,實(shí)際上,還未被識別的自信基因看起來(lái)對成績(jì)的影響獨立于智力基因,共同的成長(cháng)環(huán)境只有微不足道的影響。

The fact that confidence is heritable does not mean it is unchanging, of course. Siblings share a lot of influences living in basically the same home and community, but there are always worldly influences pulling them apart. A genetic legacy of self-confidence merely opens up many possible futures.

信心是遺傳的這個(gè)事實(shí)并不意味著(zhù)它是不可改變的,當然,兄弟姐妹住在基本上同一個(gè)家同一個(gè)社區,受許多同樣的影響,但有些世俗的影響會(huì )把他們區分開(kāi)。自信基因的傳承只是開(kāi)辟了許多可能的未來(lái)。
沙發(fā)
發(fā)表于 2010-5-18 17:39:14 | 只看該作者
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