Մ(li)I(y)3Dӡ3DӡCSӡٳֻȵȶǎ״~@Щ~ͬһL(fng)·һҹ֮gڌW(xu)g(sh)ýڽ˾ޞȻҌ@Щж㲻̫Ԓ(hu)@ƪ܉ȫ،@Щ~M(jn)н˂JR˽⡰ʲô3Dӡʲôǿ족 һ ٳͣRapid Prototyping(jin)Q(chng)RPQ20o80ǻڲ϶ѷeһNͼg(sh)Jǽ20(li)I(lng)һ(g)شɹCеCAD̼g(sh)켼g(sh)ؼg(sh)ϿƌW(xu)⼼g(sh)һԄ(dng)ֱ_،OӋ˼D׃?yu)һܵԭͻֱĶԭOӋ˼УȷṩһNЧͳɱČ(sh)FֶĿǰȂýTѿٳͼg(sh)3DӡߡSӡ@ñ^(dng)nj(sh)H3DӡߡSӡֻǿٳ͵һ(g)ֻֿ֧ܴٳˇ 죨Rapid Manufacturing(jin)Q(chng)RMЪMx͏Vx֮MxǻڼĩYٳͼg(sh)ȫ(sh)HόRPٳͼg(sh)һ(g)ֱָ֧Ԅ(dng)M(jn)пٵԲ^ͳɱ췽ʽcһĿٳͼg(sh)ڿֱa(chn)Ka(chn)Ʒ܉mĆμa(chn)Ʒ쵽Ă(g)Իa(chn)ƷVxRMģߡg(sh)CNCؼӹg(sh)ڃ˿cRPٳͼg(sh)ͥYÄو(chng) HϲgáAdditive Manufacturing(jin)Q(chng)AM(li)RPRMg(sh)ȷg2009ASTMF42ίT(hu )AMx飺 Process of joining mat-erials to make objects from 3d model data, usua-lly layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing methodologies. һNcyIJȥ̎ӹȻ෴ͨ^(gu)ӲSCADģ͔ͨ췽ʽֱcW(xu)ģȫһµS팍(sh)wģ͵췽 Nٳˇijԭ(yu)ȱc(din) 1. ̻SLAStereolithography ԓg(sh)Թ(sh)֬ԭӋCµ⼤ⰴAӽ݆܉EҺB(ti)(sh)֬Bc(din)㱻^Ę(sh)֬Ӯa(chn)ۺϷĶγһ(g)ӽӹ̻ꮅƄ(dng)_ԭȹ̻õĘ(sh)֬ٷһµҺB(ti)(sh)֬ԱM(jn)һӒ̻¹̻һι̵ճǰһ؏ֱ(g)ԭꮅ3DSYSTEMS ˾Ƴ@NˇĹ˾ԓ헼g(sh)c(din)ǾȺ❍ȸDzϱ^\гɱ̫̎sˆTҪ^mCbOӋ^(gu) 2. Sӡͣ3DP3Dimension Printer c(din)Сͻײ̘I(y)kк͂(g)˹ҵȭh(hun)ӡʽIJͬ3DPSӡg(sh)ֿԷ֞ᱬʽS3D Systems˾ ZprinterϵСԭZCorporation˾ѱ3D Systems˾ُʽS3D Systems˾ProJetϵкǰñStratasys˾ُɫObjet˾SӡO䣩DLPͶӰʽSEnvisiontec˾UltraPerfactoryϵУ ᱬʽSӡˇԭnjĩɃͰͳһԝLͲͳ֮ĩڼӹƽ_һӺܱԭӡ^3D XģƬ@õĶSƬϢվ(zh)ճסĩһӹƽ_Ԅ(dng)½һc(din)Ͱһc(din)ε˵ăͰѷĩƽ_ѷĩƽѭh(hun)ɵõҪΠԓ헼g(sh)c(din)ٶȿ죨ˇ6ɱͣˇ1/6ȱc(din)ǾȺͱ❍^ZprinterϵȫΨһ܉ӡȫɫSӡO ʽSӡ(li)ڂyĶSīӡԴӡ߾ȵĘӼmС;ĿٳSLAOSoӺ(jin)|(zh)ZSȸ DLPͶӰʽSӡˇijԭֱ՟ͼg(sh)DLPRѸй(sh)֬CADĔӋCܛM(jn)зӼ֧ݔڰɫBitmapnÿһӵBitmapn(hu )DLPRͶӰCͶ䵽_ϵĸй(sh)֬ʹ̻DLPͶӰʽSӡă(yu)c(din) ÙCS(chng)r(sh)ܛԄ(dng)֧νYӡSڿٳI(lng)Oеvoxelisation(zhun)g(sh)C˳ͮa(chn)Ʒľc❍ 3. ڳeͣFDMFused Deposition Modeling FDMˇҲДDP(gun)IDZְ(dng)Ͳτc(din)֮ϣͨڱc(din)1 0Cң FDM^CADӔʹ(dng)B(ti)۽zϣzֱ1.5mm ϣćK^ДD(li)γ݆ΠıһӯBһγ(g)ģ3DSYSTEMS ˾BFBϵкRapmanϵЮa(chn)ƷȫFDMg(sh)乤ˇc(din)ֱӲù̲ABS PCȲM(jn)mOӋIJͬAȱc(din)DZ❍^ ڔD3DӡCƷ 4. ԼY(SLSSe1ected Laser Sintering) ԓC02ԴĿǰʹõͲ϶Nδڹ_ϾһӺܱ(100-200) δӋC°݆xԵM(jn)ПYһɺM(jn)һӟYȫYȥķδM(jn)дĥɵ̎@ĿǰˇϞۼϷ߀ʹýٷM(jn)ПYEOS˾Pϵϳ͙CMϵнٳ͙Ca(chn)ƷȫõSLSg(sh)O SLSg(sh)ȿԚwٳ͵ķҲԚwķʹSLSg(sh)ֱӿKa(chn)Ʒ 4.Ӽ۸DEDDirect Metal Deposition ஔڶӼ۸üԴڲϏćݔr(sh)ͬۻ̺γɌ(sh)wӯBKγS(sh)wDEDij;^dzͿgͽë 5.ӉͣLOMLayered Object Manufacturing ԭüȹиѷeKγS(sh)wüϰͽٰɷքeľyͽӼϰ֮gĽYϳճӄ(sh)FӽֱٰӵĽYϳúӣFۻӣ˨BӁ(li)(sh)Fȱc(din)̫sϷխÿӺȲ{ NĿ칤ˇԭ(yu)ȱc(din) 1. ԼYSLSSe1ected Laser Sintering ʹSLSOֱģߺעģߵĮΟϵyӲȿ_^Ӳ_呼e ҲֱsSLSg(sh)СsܼĿҿԶ(g)һԳ(sh)FƷN(g)ԻСʹԓNg(sh)ںպ܊܇(ch)l(f)(dng)Cyԇ_(ki)l(f)tI(lng)õˏVJɺ͑ 2. չעͿģߣVCMSe1ected Laser Sintering ҲСע͏ԭеĘӰ ՠB(ti)zģՠB(ti)²PU M(jn)НעĶ¡cԭӰͬďƼһNõĿģg(sh)ͨ^(gu)@Ng(sh)a(chn)M(mn)NԵ(li)ƹϵĮa(chn)Ʒͬr(sh)M(jn)Сa(chn) һһVCMzģ߿ԏ20a(chn)ƷmСďxx܇(ch)ИI(y)@NӹˇԝM(mn)ڮa(chn)Ʒԇ^(gu)еđr(sh)gɱٶȿ ͨˇǣ3DP/SLAٳְͣԭ-----VCMע͙Cģ------Сa(chn) 3. ͉ע Reaction Injection MouldingRIM ͉עǑڿģƷa(chn)һ¹ˇpMݾ۰Ͻ(jng)Ϻڳ͉h(hun)עģ߃ͨ^(gu)ϵľۺ(lin)̻ȻW(xu)^(gu)γƷԭҺw^СܿٳM(mn)ģǻԽ˺ģģr(ji)ema(chn)ߴeƼ܇(ch)Ux_βһRIMģ߿ԏ200a(chn)Ʒ܇(ch)аl(f)ԇxx܄(chung )OӋI(lng)õ\ һ㹤ˇǣSLS/CNCٳְͣԭ------RIMģ------עͣСa(chn) 4. ؙCComputer Numerical ControlCNC CNCһNɳƵԄ(dng)Cԓϵy܉߉̎пƾaָ̖Ҏijͨ^(gu)ӋCgaĶʹCҎ˵Ą(dng)ͨ^(gu)ëϼӹɰƷƷԏ1952ʡW(xu)ԺƳϵһ_ؙCԁ(li)ؙC칤I(y)e܇(ch)պԼ܊¹I(y)бVؑؼg(sh)o(w)ՓӲܛwٰl(f)չ(li)ٶȰٿƣ CNCڂyC߂䔵ֻЧc(din)˽YΠsĹܑmf(shu)LJxϵĿٳͼg(sh)ǘI(y)ͨ߀ǰwķ ģʲôⶼҪM(jn)ٳc켼g(sh)İl(f)չ WR201120124ɴڹ_(ki)v(hu )ϴᳫٳͺͿ켼g(sh)˹3D ӡCҕI(y)(g)Ҫ֧Jԑ{@헼g(sh)ʹI(y)ؚwS3D ӡa(chn)I(y)õԴ̄(w)5 T(mn)ͬY4500 f(wn)ԪɶeϦ၆ݺ၆ݵI(y)W(xu)УͷǠI(yng)ԽMMɵ(lin)ψFwY4,000 f(wn)ԪڶݽһT(mn)˽I(yng)T(mn)ͬYI(y)(chung )о섓(chung )W(xu)(hu )National Additive Manufacturing Innovation Instituteаl(f)3D ӡg(sh) WW(xu)߽AԷQ(chng)һNڻ(lin)W(wng)²ԴYϻAϵĵιI(y)(li)RԡI(y)ֻʹȫg(sh)ҪغЈ(chng)Ҫ÷ʽl(f)׃һЩ(zhun)JµȇȡȌԼg(sh)ͻпռ˴θƸc(din)ȫֹԿ϶¿Ƽه(li)FM(jn)̺͇Hď(dng)Ҳ،cda(chn)I(y)l(f)չںM(jn) r(sh)ܿь3Dӡa(chn)I(y)О顰ʮL(chng)ĹI(y)Ӣ(jng)W(xu)ˡs־tJcֻa(chn)ģʽһƄ(dng)(sh)FµĹI(y) ҕ3Dӡԭc(din) 1. Mģʽ׃˹I(y)ģʽ׃ ԭ(li)MģʽܹI(y)췽ʽӰ푵ϳʲô(li)Mʲôeo(w)һκ͵ڶιI(y)ʹ(li)ȫֹԽoa(chn)MģʽSʽˮa(chn)ƷSȫͨAѽ(jng)ǹ˂M^(gu)(li)ӰF_(ki)ʼo(w)(g)(li)Ė|A(g)ԻĮa(chn)Ʒ@Na(chn)Ʒ߂䂀(g)Իƻӻc(din)yMr(sh)L(chng)õ_(ki)ģ췽ʽǟo(w)m@NµMٳͺͿ켼g(sh)\a(chn)Ҏģ˜ʻa(chn)Ʒģ3DӡһsSa(chn)(g)Իa(chn)ƷɷQ(chng)֮顰ҎģģʽԻ(lin)W(wng)֧εܻҎģƵķʽǡɢa(chn)͵N(xio)ۡʽ־(zh)(g)ԻMr(sh)ĵ(li) ǰM߶ڵxُI(mi)ѽ(jng)a(chn)õƷFڄtԸԵڡ3Dӡꡱ߅a(chn)߅wr(sh)@ԼϲgĮa(chn)Ʒ 2. ٳͺͿȂyģ샞(yu)@ ٳͼg(sh)Dzܮa(chn)ƷYΠƵκΏsͺͽYֻҪCADp@Ӿͽo(g)Իƻṩ˿ʹÿٳͼg(sh)Ϳ켼g(sh)DzҪ_(ki)ģߵ(sh)F˟o(w)ʹ®a(chn)ƷƵijɱ½yʽ1/3-1/5 ڿs̞1/5-1/10 ټϿٳͺͿOֿԌ(sh)Fo(w)ֵ24Сr(sh)gӹҲ͞S(chng)̹s˹ɱa(chn)Ч ٳͺͿ켼g(sh)؞ʹڮa(chn)ƷOӋ_(ki)l(f)ԇСa(chn)ȭh(hun)ҟo(w)ՓǹI(y)I(lng)I(lng)tI(lng)ﱣoI(lng)߀I(lng)һwCСһöָֻҪҪM(jn)Ќ(sh)ӻԇʹÿٳͺͿ켼g(sh)mdzV ٳͺͿĺoӹpСίӹĔй͕ܺr(sh)gmһЩ߱ԵИI(y)܊I(lng) 3Dӡg(sh)ӡĮa(chn)ƷȻo(w)pBӵһwY֮gķԺBӏҪhhڂy 3. δ(li)I(y)ߵ̼h(hun)֮· ιI(y)dȫcȫɳml(f)չRĉϢϢP(gun)w(li)f(shu)һ20o80ʯͺʯԴ՝uݽS֮(li)ȫ׃o(li)ijm控(li)ΣCǻʯȼ(dng)ԭйI(y)(jng)ģʽ֧ȫĿɳml(f)չҪһNʹ(li)M(jn)롰̼r(sh)ģʽٳͺͿ켼g(sh)m(hu )ԾGɫ̼h(hun)ȫˑB(ti)Ѹٵõȫ͙CJɺه(li) ٳͺͿõǼӷʽ켼g(sh)^ecyĜpʽʽ췽ʽa(chn)Ė|MҲͬIJMIJ@p(g)ԻԺҲa(chn)a(chn)Ʒڜp̼ŷźԭĵǰָߵa(chn)Ч3DӡԭʹÃHya(chn)ʽ1/10@YԴFĕr(sh)o(w)ɾ߂(yu) 4. ȫI(y)δ(li)ĸڸ߸ֵOӋh(hun) ȫ(jng)~ιI(y)Լ(jng)ƣܛıW_(ki)ʼƶٹI(y)ԡȥֵļӹh(hun)I(y)a(chn)I(y)M(jn)ؘc(din)ӏ߸ֵh(hun)ͨ^(gu)g(sh)(chung )OӋ(chung )׃yI(y)ģʽ͆λڄ(dng)ɱڇHϵĸͬr(sh)ṩ͘I(y)C(hu )ٳͺͿڅ@һṩˌ(sh)(sh)ڵėl ԭȵI(y)a(chn)ӹh(hun)Ƽs(zh)аl(f)OӋh(hun)®a(chn)ƷƏһ_(ki)ʼҪ]Kܷa(chn)(li)ٳͺͿ켼g(sh)ڮa(chn)ƷOӋ](mi)ֻҪOӋó(li)CADģκνYΠԱa(chn)(li)һ(li)I(y)OӋĄ(chung )o(w)ጷl(shu)߂ͻĹI(y)OӋl(shu)͌ɞδ(li)ȫI(y)I(lng)^(chung )~ ЇI(y)߀ͣڇOӋ߁(li)ϼӹAôδ(li)ֻڵֵļӹh(hun)ϿЇI(y)R֮ʿѽ(jng)_(ki)ʼeOʹٳͺͿ켼g(sh)ȵĹI(y)OӋͮa(chn)I(y)ҲõԽ(li)ԽP(gun)עҕ 壺ĿǰƼsٳc켼g(sh)ЇռһЩy ЇЇڴٳͺͿ켼g(sh)Ҳѽ(jng)һЩҕҰV韵ĘI(y)ˆTڏ¿ٳͺͿON(xio)ƏV^ǚWٳͺͿOЇĴ纼ݵRSǵȫI(lng)ȵĿٳͺͿOڙཛ(jng)N(xio)Լп(w)ԞҪṩN3DӡС(w)f(shu)ЇĿǰ(zhun)I(y)3Dӡg(sh)ɷ(w) Ȼٳc켼g(sh)ҪЇռr(sh)Y(li)ԭУ 1. ļg(sh)ҪښW ٳͺͿĺļg(sh)ڵȰl(f)_ȏԓI(lng)о_(ki)l(f)I(y)߀һЩУͿЙCܶоɹxa(chn)I(y)߀оx 2. (zhun)I(y)Or(ji)߰ ڴٳcM(jn)Or(ji)Ӹ߲(dng)mʮf(wn)ϰf(wn)һMyԳĿǰҪǸ߶tУُI(mi)߾Ӷ 3. ˽JR߀ ˌڿٳc켼g(sh)JR˽̎AЂ(g)Mܿڲ֪ԓُI(mi)ķN(li)eķN̖Oò֔^(gun) 䌍(sh)@һc(din)ԓɞٳcռKRS@ӌ(zhun)I(y)Oṩ܉͑(h)һ(g)mOͲϷṩȫۺbCӖ;So(w) 4. ϷN(li)S ٳ͙CcOʹõIJ^(gu)ȥѽ(jng)S˺ܶĹ(sh)֬ABS(li)ABSϞwS(li)PXϽF懺ϽtfϽȽ(li)ĆɫȫɫɫM҂yʹõIJ߀вٳcϵδ(li)o(w) 5. ͼֲKa(chn)Ʒ ʹÿ췽ʽa(chn)Ka(chn)ƷʹõEOS MϵнٷĩYOǿԿa(chn)KĽٮa(chn)Ʒǿٳͳ(li)Ė|ֻԭͼְ߀Ka(chn)Ʒ ǰ҂ÿٳͼg(sh)ͨǺ͂yģ켼g(sh)Yϵ@ҲֵôƏVһNF췽ʽڮa(chn)Ʒаl(f)ͮa(chn)ƷԇAʹÿٳͼg(sh)a(chn)ƷģM(jn)OӋͨCbyԇ(jng)^(gu)εOӋȻٳͳ(li)һ(g)KĮa(chn)ƷԭÁ(li)oa(chn)ģߵ_(ki)l(f) @Nٳͺ͂yģg(sh)Yϵķʽж惞(yu)ݣ 1ӿa(chn)ƷOӋаl(f)M(jn) 2ƃȲⲿͨǰKa(chn)Ʒ^(gun)ͽYʹOӋӺ 3ģ_(ki)l(f)ijɹ 4Ka(chn)ƷƷ|(zh)ӿ͑(h)M(mn) 5sɱp_(ki)֧ͬr(sh) 2Dӡÿװك|ǧ|ԪЈ(chng)(li)f(shu)3DӡĿǰÿЈ(chng)gֻЎ׃|ʮ׃|Ԫ߀һ(g)еЈ(chng)^(gu)20112µĽ(jng)W(xu)ңThe Economists־f(shu)3Dӡg(sh)r(ji)ij͏ĆƷǧf(wn)(g)a(chn)ƷM(jn)ƉҎģ(jng)Щ3Dӡ˾ǘӡ1450ӡˢg(sh)1750C1950ľwr(sh)](mi)_AҊ(jin)δ(li)V韵đǰ](mi)Ay3Dӡg(sh)L(chng)Ӱ3Dӡg(sh)ѽ(jng)(li)δ(li)Ɖÿһ(g)|I(lng) 3Dӡg(sh)dȤgӭ2015IIC-China^չ831~93ڕ(hu )չ3̖^ǰעԓՈc(din)ĶSa |